How does asbestos cause cancer in the human body?

Asbestos causes cancer primarily through its ability to lead to cellular damage and mutations. When asbestos fibers are inhaled or ingested, they can become lodged in the tissues of the lungs or other organs. The body's attempt to break down or remove these fibers leads to chronic inflammation and cellular stress. Over time, this persistent irritation can cause genetic damage to the cells in these tissues. Mutations in key genes that regulate cell division and growth can occur, often resulting in the uncontrolled proliferation of cells, a hallmark of cancer.

This direct mechanism of action underscores why asbestos is classified as a carcinogen. Unlike other options, which talk about blocking airways or promoting existing tumors, the direct link between asbestos exposure and the induction of genetic mutations is a critical pathway in the development of asbestos-related cancers, such as lung cancer and mesothelioma. Additionally, while interference with immune response can be a secondary effect of asbestos exposure, the primary concern is the direct impact on the cellular level that leads to cancer formation.