What are the two categories of asbestos-containing materials (ACMs)?

Asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) are categorized primarily into friable and non-friable materials based on their physical state and the potential for asbestos fibers to become airborne.

Friable materials are those that can be easily crumbled or pulverized under hand pressure, which means they can release asbestos fibers into the air when disturbed. Common examples include insulation, ceiling tiles, and certain types of spray-on fireproofing. The airborne release of fibers poses a significant health risk, making the management and remediation of friable ACMs critical in any asbestos project.

Non-friable materials, on the other hand, are more stable and less likely to release fibers unless they are cut, sanded, or otherwise disturbed. Examples include tile, roofing materials, and certain types of cement products. Even though they are less hazardous than friable materials, they still require careful handling to prevent any potential fiber release.

This distinction is essential in developing appropriate strategies for asbestos risk management and ensuring worker and public safety.