Which asbestos-related disease primarily affects the mesothelial lining?

Mesothelioma is the correct answer because it is a type of cancer that specifically affects the mesothelial lining of the pleura (the tissue surrounding the lungs), peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity), and other areas. Asbestos exposure is a significant risk factor for developing mesothelioma, and it is characterized by malignant tumor growth in these linings.

Asbestosis, while also related to asbestos exposure, primarily affects lung tissue and refers to a form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhaling asbestos fibers. Lung cancer can occur due to asbestos exposure as well, but it involves the lung parenchyma rather than the mesothelial linings. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results from various long-term lung irritants but is not directly related to the damage to mesothelial tissue. Thus, mesothelioma stands out as the disease that directly targets the mesothelial lining.